Conditions precedent in commercial contracts

This Practice Note considers the meaning and Use of Conditions precedent in commercial arrangements. It also considers typical conditions precedent and drafting issues.

What are conditions precedent?

A Condition precedent in a commercial Contract details an event which must take place before:

  1. • a contract, or
  2. • a party’s obligation(s) under a contract

comes into force. The contract, or the relevant obligation, does not become binding until the condition has been satisfied.

An example of a condition precedent can be found in negotiations which are ‘subject to contract’. See, for example, the comments of the judge in Southeaster Maritime Ltd v Trafigura Maritime Logistics Pte Ltd mv ‘Aquafreedom’ where a ‘subject’ in a charterparty was considered. For more information, see also Practice Note: Forming enforceable contracts—offer — What is an offer ‘subject to contract’?.

In Nautica Marine Ltd v Trafigura Trading LLC, the judge distinguished between a ‘pre-condition’ to contract (which has the effect of preventing a contract coming into existence altogether) and a ‘performance condition’ (which does